{"id":7631,"date":"2019-10-02T20:53:27","date_gmt":"2019-10-02T17:53:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bcdr.org\/?p=7631"},"modified":"2019-11-12T20:38:30","modified_gmt":"2019-11-12T17:38:30","slug":"%d8%ba%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%83-%d9%81-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bcdr.org\/ar\/%d8%ba%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%83-%d9%81-3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0648\u062c\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0628\u064e\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0639\u062f\u0650\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0634\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u064e\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0646\u0632 (Dame Rosalyn Higgins) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0648\u062f (Sir Christopher Greenwood) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0648\u0634 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a (Dr. Mahnoush Arsanjani) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0632 (Twenty Essex Chambers) \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u062f (Sir Michael Wood) \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a (ICCA) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647 (Armesto & Asociados) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648 (Professor Juan Fern\u00e1ndez-Armesto)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a> \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
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\"\"<\/a>
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\u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0651 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064d \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \"Maffezini v. Spain\" \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2000 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064b (MFN clause) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \"Plama v. Bulgaria\" \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \"Maffezini\" \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064b. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \"Maffezini\"\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0650\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u0651\u0650\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0648 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \"Siag v. Egypt\" \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0648 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0650\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

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